Prenatal Development Essays - Midwifery, Fertility, Human Pregnancy

Prenatal Development Prenatal development is the period in development from conception to the onset of labor. Perinatal period is the period beginning about the seventh month of pregnancy and continuing until about four weeks after birth. Postnatal development is the period in development the follows directly after birth. The germinal stage is the stage lasting about ten -fourteen days following conception before the fertilized egg becomes implanted in the uterine wall. The embryonic stage is the stage in which major biological organs and systems form. The fetal stage is the stage in which is marked by rapid growth and preparation of body systems for functioning in the postnatal environment. Viability is the ability of the baby to survive outside the mother's womb. The gestational age is the age of the fetus derived from onset of mother's last menstrual period. The number of older mothers is on the rise in the U.S. as women postpone pregnancy to establish careers or for other reasons. Healthy women older than thirty-five routinely deliver healthy infants just as other between the ages of twenty and thirty-five do. Teenagers, however, may be at a greater risk for delivering less healthy babies. Lack of prenatal care is a big reason. Diets, while pregnant, must be sufficient not only in number of calories but also with respect to the right amount of proteins, vitamins, and other nutrients. Stress also plays a big role in delivering a healthy baby. Cultural beliefs about potentially harmful consequences of frightening or stressful events on fetal development are pervasive, and many societies encourage a calm atmosphere for pregnant women. The social support a pregnant woman receives from family and friends is an important factor that can lessen the consequences of stress during pregnancy. Another reason is the complicated nutritional needs of teenagers. Teenage mothers give birth to as many as 500,000 babies in the U.S. every year. It is suggested to women that are thirty-five or older undergo a test. Not in all cases does the woman have to be certain age. In some cases women must undergo an amniocentesis which is a small sampling of the fluid surrounding the developing fetus by inserting a needle and drawing fluid. This test is designed to diagnose fetal developmental disorders and/or genetic disorders. Ultrasonography is a method using sound wave reflections to obtain a representation the developing fetus. Support within the womb: the placenta. The placenta is a support organ formed by the cells from both blastocyst and uterine lining; serves as exchange site for oxygen, nutrients and waste products. The umbilical cord is made up of blood vessels in which oxygen, nutrients and waste products are transported between placenta and embryo. As extra precaution the fetus is surrounded in a fluid-filled, transparent protective membrane known as the amniotic sac. Teratogen is any environmental agent that can cause deviations in prenatal development. Causing behavioral problems to death. There are a number of diseases that can cause complications to a pregnancy. These are just a few of the many diseases that can cause harm: toxoplasmosis, hepatitis B, diabetes, and chlamydia. FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome) is a cluster of fetal abnormalities stemming from mother's consumption of alcohol. This disease can be avoided. Most infant's are born in a hospital, although there are some alternative birth settings such as, birthing centers (home-like setting). Statistics show that births directly supervised under a midwife, have less complications and distress. Preparing for childbirth, prepared childbirth (also known is ouch), is procedures practiced during pregnancy and childbirth designed to minimize pain and reduce the need for medication during delivery. A cesarean birth is the delivery of a baby through a surgical incision in the woman's abdomen and uterus. During the delivery, a fetal monitoring device is used to monitor fetal heartbeat. In the first stage of labor , the neck of the uterus, dilates and thins to open a passage through the birth canal. When the water is about to break, the baby's head rests inside the cervix. Then, transition, the baby shifts to the birth canal. After the resting in the birth canal, the baby is ready to be born. The head rotates sideways after it emerges. Thus, allowing the placenta to fall. Infants born with low-birth weight are in luck. Despite the immediate obstacles facing low-birth weight babies, many become normal children and adults. Newborns and infants display a number of states. A large part of their time in engaged in REM sleep, a state that may provide them with stimulation even when asleep.

Why Using a Rhetorical Analysis Sample Essay Can Be Effective

Why Using a Rhetorical Analysis Sample Essay Can Be EffectiveIn any debate or discussion, or even writing for your own need, you will always find the needs of your audience at the forefront of your mind. This is the best and most effective way to make a point, whether you're arguing with your ex or you're speaking up for you. Your specific needs will tell you exactly how to construct the words you're going to say to persuade your audience.Knowing your target audience is the number one way to effectively do this. This can be done through using the goals of your audience as a way to determine the words you're going to write about. This may also mean getting the answers to your questions and deciding which words you want to use to motivate your audience. With a bit of targeted anaylsis and preparation, you'll be on your way to providing a highly effective argument in a variety of situations.Your goal in writing your rhetoric is to motivate your audience to consider and to finally come t o the conclusion that your case is valid. This can be done through succinctly explaining the problem you have or by dealing with the situations you are trying to influence. Let's assume your very common and unavoidable issue is traffic. You will use a variety of communication techniques to make people aware of the importance of not stopping their vehicles in traffic.As I explained in an earlier article, you don't stop your vehicle in traffic if the light is red. Traffic is meant to be the order of the day and people should learn to simply wait their turn. The key is to make your words be pleasant and effective. For example, a phrase that says, 'Shouldn't stop to wait at a red light' becomes very short and would sound like a mechanical instruction rather than an instruction that must be followed.For starters, always use a period sentence that is short and to the point. Using the correct number of commas to make it sound sound formal but certainly not too formal would definitely suit the reader. Also, you may want to use a tense that implies something is about to happen instead of just informing the reader. A properly organized sentence could be something like, 'I will write the reason why you should not be stopping your vehicle at a red light is because...' or something similar. You may even want to focus on the reason why it is important to be aware of traffic conditions in order to win them over.A writer may choose to include pictures to show the reader how a driver should not brake at the light or how a truck would have the best chance of stopping at the light. This type of writing makes the reader think and see their point being made clearly. You should also try to include a clear articulation of your points to make them more noticeable to the reader.As you can see, there are a lot of ways in which you can use rhetorical analysis to sway people into thinking and acting on your behalf. Being able to focus on exactly what it is you're going to say and how you 're going to say it are also important steps that you can take in order to make your job easier.

World Conflict essays

World Conflict essays The 20th century was the bloodiest 100 years in human history. Based on numbers killed, in warfare, the 20th century exceeds all other centuries combined. The three major conflicts between 1901 and 200 were World War I, World War II, and the Cold War, respectively. At the turn of the millennium, a new type of conflict arose. This would come to be know as Modern Throughout the essay, how the various wars are linked to one another will be explained. Starting with WWII, the events will eventually lead to the end of the century all the way to our most current and somewhat ongoing conflict with terrorism. Many of the worlds nations were left in ruin after the first World War. The leaders of these countries were willing to do whatever it took to prevent another catastrophe such as WWI. Over 60 different countries formed the League of Nations under the Treaty of Versailles, hoping However, not all nations felt the same about these new ideals. Germany was one of them. The Germans were infuriated about how the treaty disarmed them and forced them to pay reparations. Germany was one of the nations hit hard by the post-war Great Depression. They needed someone to lead them in a time of struggle. That man would be Adolf Hitler. The first thing Hitler did after he rose to power was re-arm the German military, under direct violation of the Versailles Treaty. Then he made plans to take over Europe. Another fascist nation building up its army was Italy. Under Benito Mussolini, the Italians invaded Ethiopia. A few tried to stop Mussolini by boycotting the sale of arms to Italy, however, that failed and the aggression continued. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War broke out and gave Italy and Germany a chance to show off their power. The two would form an alliance know as the Axis Powers. Hitler and Germany began expanding. German troops moved across France&apos...

How an Administrative Job Can Be a Stepping Stone

How an Administrative Job Can Be a Stepping Stone The administrative job can be a great stepping stone to something bigger, whether you are talking about health care jobs, working in an office or in other fields. Because administrative jobs entail multiple duties and can evolve over time, this is the perfect spot to branch out and work your way toward a new career. Successful strategies can work to make a smooth transition and show you the opportunities available before you start checking classified ads for jobs.Examine Your Job DutiesTake a look at your current and past job duties and make a list of your strong points, including your experience and training. For example, suppose you want to go into the communications field. Look at your experience and talents, and list which of those would be applicable in that particular field. If you have extensive knowledge of computer programs, such as Excel and Microsoft Word, can you use this expertise to transition into the vast computer field? Customer relations, financial matters and proje ct coordination may also be a part of your job and can be transitioned into employment in a new area.Look at Your Resume With a Critical EyeThink about what would interest a hiring manager to evolve into your new career, and whether you have the necessary skills you need to move up the ladder. If not, it might be a good time to take a few courses, complete a degree or get the other necessary skills you need to make the move.Make a Plan in AdvanceBe clear about your goal and focus on one, not on several potential jobs that can raise you into a leadership position. Do you want to segway into information or computer management, administrative services, marketing or some other field? Spreading yourself too thin when job hunting can be a mistake. The key is to decide on a field and focus.Write a New ResumeOnce youve targeted the new job you want, rewrite your resume to include applicable skills and experience. Further enhance your resume when you want to put in a job application, so that it reflects both those skills and fulfills the requirements for the job.Provide Examples on Your ResumeA flat resume on the locations you have worked and job duties isnt enough and doesnt truly say how you benefited your previous company. Use examples of how you were an asset to your previous company and how this could transition into the new job. For example, an administrative services manager oversees the smooth operation of a business and directs staff but has many more duties. Use what experience you have to show that you have what it takes to slip easily into the new position.Work on Interview SkillsHaving a great resume for a job helps you get your foot in the door. However, sailing through the interview is necessary to get hired or invited back for a second interview. Practice answering common interview questions and get a family member or friend to help. Pare down the time it takes to respond to questions so your answers are succinct and to the point but cover the informati on you want to convey. Dress appropriately for your interview, and try to present yourself as relaxed and confident.Remember to Clean Out Your Social Media PagesBefore even applying for new jobs, take the time to clean out your social media pages of items you wouldnt want a hiring manager to see, such as profane language or pics of your last out-of-control party. In addition, now is the time to rework your LinkedIn page to include the skills and expertise you want to highlight. Since such a high percentage of employers check social media pages before making an offer, forgetting to update your LinkedIn account can result in the lack of a job offer.Hunting for Your New JobWhen looking for a job to move up the ladder, knowing what to do to make it easier helps. Job hunting in a practical way is also a good idea, instead of depending on job classifieds. TheJobNetwork does your job search for you by sending you email alerts when jobs become available in your chosen field. All you do is f ill out your qualifications and job interests. Sign up with TheJobNetwork to get started.

Ijarah Contracts Used By Islamic Financial Institutions Essay

Ijarah Contracts Used By Islamic Financial Institutions - Essay Example It assists in strengthening the financial system of the country. The stronger the economy the stronger the country is. There are two kinds of banking systems and they are Islamic banking and the Conventional banking. Islamic banking is significantly different from conventional banking, and some of the differences are discussed in this essay. This report talks about an important feature in banking system i.e. lease. In conventional banks, it is referred to as conventional lease; and in Islamic bank, the lease is known as Ijarah. â€Å"Ijarah derives from the root word ajar a – to recompense, compensate or give a consideration and return. Ajr refers to a worker’s wage, and ujra h to rental payment.† (Kamali n.d.). Ijarah is a Shariah compliant alternative to Conventional lease. Through these two kinds of lease, bank performs as a Lessor and the individual to whom the asset is leased acts as a Lessee. The bank insists the lessee to pay an amount monthly for the use of the asset. The rights of the asset remains with the bank, and only the privileges of use are transferred to the lessee. 2. Types of Ijarah Contracts Used By Islamic Financial Institutions: 2.1 Simple Ijarah (similar to an Operating Lease) In a business world marred by financial uncertainties and increasing costs of operations, Ijarah loans are broadly considered as the safest, easiest, and the most efficient means to finance production procedures. Like all the other forms of Islamic financing, Ijarah too is rooted in the sound economic main attitude laid down by the Sharia. There are different types of Ijarah, each matched to the specific needs of the parties involved in the agreement. â€Å"The two most popular forms of Ijarah loans are the Simple Ijarah or Ijarah as an operating lease and Ijarah thumma al-bai or Ijarah as a financial lease. The distinguishing feature of Ijarah as an operating lease is that the lease contract is not associated with a purchase agreement.† (All About Ijara as an Operating Lease 2005). The following are some of the features of Ijarah as an operating lease: The whole price of the asset, or the part of property specified in the contract is not amortized through the main leasing tenure. The lessee can get out of the contract, that is, stop the Ijarah as an operating lease agreement anytime the lessee wishes to. On the other hand, the lessee should provide a notice prior to doing so. The real ownership of the piece of property or assets mentioned in the agreement is retained by the lessor. This agreement is executed irrespective of the quantity of payment the lessee has tendered, and that identifies the lessor’s insistence to bear every responsibility and risk connected with the ownership. In Ijarah as an operating lease, permits a part of the property to be returned to the lessor at the end of the leasing tenure. The lessor, which can be a bank or any other financial organization, can again lease the property, if i t is a functioning unit, to a different person or business unit. 2.2 Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek (similar to a Financing Lease) Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek is an Ijarah dealing, in which the possession of the subject asset can be relocated to the lessee after the lease term. Ijarah and Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek are by nature mere leasing contracts, in which the subject issue is the usufruct of the property; and not the quantity of cash, as in the case of a finance lease. In other words, it is not a financing deal, and instead, it is an alternative to financing

One page reflection essay based on experience Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

One page reflection based on experience - Essay Example ompetition instilled in us an aspect of self-confidence in all we did thus winning every match besides developing additional skills due to practising harder. This is because we aimed at ensuring retaining our position as the leading team during all games we played. Sometimes we lost, but instead of being discouraged, losing to our competitors made us go back to the drawing board to examine and analyse our weak points. By understanding where we went wrong, it became much easier to find the way forward. Competition built teamwork, which uninterruptedly lead to the success of the team. Basketball involves passing of the ball from one player to another whereby without teamwork this will not be effective because there will be aspects of unselfishness. The healthy competition in basketball instilled a winning attitude in us besides discouraging us to be out of our comfort zones. Determination and perseverance enabled us to achieve the victory we badly needed. However, initially it was not that easy on my part to join an already strong team. I had to prove my worth but with persistence not only I made it but turned to be a reliable player. Extending this aggressiveness in life, competition has always encouraged me to set higher goals than that of my competitors. Through the early sport, I learnt to admire my competitors and strive harder to beat them. Not by copying them, but by being more creative and innovative to outdo them. We should therefore embrace competition for the good values it creates in

Study On The Cardiac Causes For Chest Pains Nursing Essay

Study On The Cardiac Causes For Chest Pains Nursing Essay The relation of chest pains with cardiac causes responsible for the pain was one targeted area for studies. From the previous researches chest pain was observed to be one common complaints in children and previous findings reported it to be more prominent in old ages with mean age of 13 and cardiac causes was responsible for less than 20% of chest pain complaints in younger children and in community which was supposed to exist because of ischemic vertical dysfunction, myocardial and pericardial inflammatory process or arrhythmia but exact cause for cardiac chest pain was still in dark. Specialised methods like echocardiography, Holter monitoring, excercise stress test, electrophysiological studies were reported to be required to assess cardiac diseases in children responsible for chest pain but still it may not be able to give exact causes of chest pain. The purpose for this study was to identify cardiac diseases and to explore cardiac causes which were directly associated with chest pain in children.(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) Methods: In this study 120 children with ages in between 5-16 years who were frequently reported to pediatric cardiology clinic regarding chest pain were analysed in a tertiary subspecialty clinic from March 2005 to May 2006. The reason for selecting children with ages 5-16 years having chest pain complains was based on previous findings of studies and was good choice of selection for assessment of cardiac diseases related to chest pain as it was targeted group for chest pain and further in this study it was divided in two age groups that was 5-12 years age group and 13-16 years age group because of psychogenic pain consideration in children older than 12 years age which was good reasoning for dividing groups. Thus it was cross-sectional and a retrospective assessment but as it relies on previous findings and data from other clinics it might have limitations in selection and number selected that was 120 subjects seems to be very less for this type of assessment thus it might lead in error.(Ca gdas and Pac, 2009) The strength of this study was dependent on the outcomes of methods used for analysis of cardiac diseases associated with chest pain. All selected patients were subjected to Echocardiography, Electrocardiography(ECG) and Chest X-Ray and analysis of Hemogram, serum glucose and electrolytes was done. In Chest X-Ray all necessary images to diagnose heart, lung, chest wall and big vessels are generated by ionising radiation in X-ray form (P.A.Mahesh, 2006). In Electrocardiography functioning of different parts of heart muscles are measured by recording in skin electrodes placed on different positions of heart and it displays in ECG as electrical signal. The display of ECG shows rhythm of heart and damage of any heart muscles can be concluded(Meek and Morris, 2002). Echocardiogram generates two-dimensional pictures using ultrasound techniques for cardiovascular systems. In Echocardiography echoes of sound waves are picked by transducer and are transmitted as electrical impulses which are then converted to motion pictures of heart by Echocardiography machine and also movement of blood via heart is recorded by Doppler probe. Different types of cardiac diseases can be identified by this methods.(Quinones et al., 2003) Also excercise and tilt table test and twenty four hour Holter monitoring was carried out in some required cases which also gave detail regarding cardiac diseases. In 24 hour Holter monitoring test for 24 hour an electrodes are attached on chest of the subject to be monitored by which electrical activity of heart is recorded to an attached small battery operated monitor. Note of all activities carried out by patient during 24 hours is required and results after 24 hour of test are analysed to see any irregular changes in rhythm of heart and for further analyses of cardiac disease (Hilbel et al., 2008). Different ways are developed to perform tilt table depending on individual patient generally patient is obstructed to any physical movement of body and kept flat on tilt table and it is then suspended or tilted at different angles. Records of symptoms, blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram etc are kept during test which can be use for analysis of cardiac disease(Benditt et al., 1996 ). Actually this study was designed and conducted on algorithm setup in which depending on types of symptoms observed from physical examination and history of patients it was further evaluated using different methods to identify cardiac causes.(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) SPSS 11.0(SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software was use to carry out statistical assessment in which Chi-square test was selected for analyses of difference in variables of groups in which significant level p value was kept less than 0.05 and risk between groups was compared by odds ratio value(95% Confidence Interval). Here the total number of patients was 120 which is quite large thus selection of Chi-square test to analyse difference in variables of two groups was perfect.(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) Results: In this study out of 120 patients depending on history and physical examination evaluation of further detail assessment by performing stated techniques as required 52(42.5%) patients were found to have cardiac diseases out of which 11(9.2%) patients on admission were found to have history of cardiac disease and in 28(23.3%) patients chest pain was supposed to be directly associated with cardiac disease and out of 28 patients 14(11.6%) were reported with different types of arrhythmias as shown in table 2.(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) On complete assessment of all patients for cardiac disease according to the age group that is 5-12 years of age and 12-16 years of age the children were analysed with structural Cardiac Disease and types of arrhythmia as shown in table 1 and 2.(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) Different types of Cardiac diseases found to be associated with chest pain is also listed in table 1 and 2. In table 2 patients with infrequent supraventricular ectopy and ventricular ectopy were excluded.(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) Table.1. SPSS result for frequency and risk of structural cardiac disease according with age in patients with chest pain(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) Groups Structural Cardiac Disease pÃŽÂ ± Present Absent Type N Total,n(%) Total,n(%) 5-12 years old (n=55) RVHD 5 11(20) 44(80) 0.011 MVP 3 CMP 1 ASD 1 PFO 1 13-16 years old (n=65) RVHD 12 27(41.5) 38(58.5) MVP 4 CMP 3 VSD 3 AS 3 ASD 1 PFO 1 ÃŽÂ ±Chi-square test, ÃŽÂ ²Risk analysis, ÃŽÂ ´Reference group is taken as 5-12 years age group AS- valcular aortic stenosis, ASD- atrial septel defect, CMP- cardiomyopathy, MVP- mitral valve prolapse, PFO- patent foramen ovale, RVHD- rheumatic valvular heart disease, VSD- ventricular septal defect Ref: CAGDAS, D. N. PAC, F. A. (2009) Cardiac chest pain in children. Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi-the Anatolian Journal of Cardiology, 9, 401-406. As shown in above SPSS result the risk of structural cardiac disease in elder age group was 2.84 times higher as compared to younger age group and significant p value was 0.011 which was less than 0.05 which states that there was significant difference between variables of two age groups with structural cardiac disease.(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) Table.2. SPSS result for Frequency and risk of arrhythmia with age in patients with chest pain(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) Groups Arrhythmias PÃŽÂ ± Present Absent Type N Total,n(%) Total,n(%) 5-12 years old (n=55) Frequent VE and SVE 3 3 (5.5) 52 (94.5) 0.05 13-16 years old (n=65) Frequent VE and SVE 7 11 (16.9) 54 (83.1) WPW Syndrome 2 Sinus bradycardia 1 Sinus pause 1 ÃŽÂ ±Chi-square test, ÃŽÂ ²Risk analysis, ÃŽÂ ´Reference group is taken as 5-12 age group SVE supraventricular ectopy, VE ventricular ectopy, WPW Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Ref: CAGDAS, D. N. PAC, F. A. (2009) Cardiac chest pain in children. Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi-the Anatolian Journal of Cardiology, 9, 401-406. As shown in above SPSS result the risk of arrhythmias in elder age group was 3.53 times higher as compared to younger age group and significant p value was 0.05 which shows borderline significant difference in variables of two groups with arrhythmias.(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) Overall analysis of arrhythmias and structural cardiac disease reported 4.12 times higher risk of cardiac disease in elder age group (12-13 years age) as compared to that with younger age group (5-12 years age).(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) Discussion: The results of this study was compared with other studies and different required methods were performed for analyses of cardiac disease related to chest pain which was not performed in previous studies. In previous findings majority of patients were assessed by only echocardiography without performing 24 hour holter monitor test to any patients while in this study echocardiography was performed to all children and holter monitoring was done for 38(31.6%) patients out of 120 as required and also frequencies of arrhythmias was found to be 11.6% and same ratio for structural cardiac disease which as compared to other studies was high. Thus use of various methods for assessing cardiac diseases associated with chest pain was good effort made in this study.(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) One finding of this study was that chest pain complains was more in the elder children which was supported by previous epidemiological studies for the chest pain complaints. Cardiorespiratory problems in young children and psychogenic pain in children older than 12 years of age was reported from previous studies while from this study 4.12 times more risk to cardiac disease was found in elder age group on analysing all cardiac diseases and was explained because of aging related risk of arrhythmias or increase in structural cardiac diseases symptoms or increase in level of consciousness with increasing age regarding cardiac chest pain symptoms which was satisfactory reasoning given in this study. From the SPSS results it concluded that older children were at high risk to structural cardiac disease (p=0.011) and 3.53 times more frequent to arrhythmias. Thus use of SPSS results in analyses of cardiac disease was one very important part of this study as it explored some critical and diffe rent results compared to other studies.(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) In 28(23.3%) patients chest pain was supposed to be directly caused by cardiac diseases and which was assumed because of high frequency of some cardiac diseases in patients selected but clear reasons for chest pain was still not proved. From previous studies majority of non-cardiac chest pain was reported because of gastro-esophageal reflux diseases and in this study total 40 patients were suffering chest pain because of similar reasons like abdominal pain, epigastric tenderness etc which highlighted one important conclusion that their may exist more than one cause for chest pain not necessary that its always related to cardiac disease. This study also gave example of important application of echocardiography in diagnosis of rheumatic valvular heart disease as it was detected in 17 children as compared to analyses done by clinical examination for existence of rheumatic valvular heart disease.(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) In this study following the particular algorithm the study groups were analysed from which many results reported was different from that concluded by physical examination like in 16 patients physical examination showed it to be innocent murmur but was found to have structural cardiac disease on further analyses. Thus though this type of algorithm requires some extra excercise but it made analyses to identify cardiac disease more clear.(Cagdas and Pac, 2009) Overall this study concluded that risk of cardiac disease was increased with age and it also gave percentage of cardiac disease that was 42.5% which was high as compared to other studies. The study also highlighted importance and use of different methods that can be used for detail analyses of cardiac disease that was not covered in previously performed studies but this type of evaluation was to be carried out with larger number of patients to get more clear with results and draw important conclusion because by analysing only 120 children with chest pain one common conclusion can not be given. Selection of proper SPSS tests was done which gave important results for this study. This study attempted very well to identify cardiac diseases causing chest pain with all good planning and reasoning behind all steps and methods used but still research in area of cardiac diseases will not be clear unless any sure and specific result for particular cardiac disease can be taken as reference to i dentify and to draw conclusion.